Introduction Construction projects across the globe continue to experience chronic cost overruns, schedule delays, quality shortfalls, and, in extreme cases, complete project collapse. Despite decades of advancements in project management tools and contractual frameworks, failure remains a persistent feature of the industry. Traditional explanations have often focused on technical complexity; however, growing qualitative research suggests that construction failure is fundamen

Introduction Project managers have long relied on Earned Value Management (EVM) to monitor performance and predict final outcomes. While...